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Chloramine is a disinfectant used to treat drinking water and has been used by water utilities since the 1930s. Chloramine can kill germs in water pipes longer than chlorine, a disinfectant that ...
The Summary. A newly identified chemical byproduct may be present in drinking water in about a third of U.S. homes, a study found. Scientists do not yet know whether the byproduct is dangerous.
The chloramine solution can be concentrated by vacuum distillation and by passing the vapor through potassium carbonate which absorbs the water. Chloramine can be extracted with ether. Gaseous chloramine can be obtained from the reaction of gaseous ammonia with chlorine gas (diluted with nitrogen gas): 2 NH 3 + Cl 2 ⇌ NH 2 Cl + NH 4 Cl
Since the 1990s, many public systems have switched to inorganic chloramine, a chlorine derivative, to purify water supplies. Systems serving about 113 million people in the U.S. use this process.
The problem was addressed in 2004 by adding additional treatments to the water, preventing the chloramine from dissolving lead in the water mains, solder joints, and plumbing fixtures. In 2010, the CDC reported that 15,000 homes in the Washington, D.C., area might still have water supplies with dangerous levels of lead.
Chloramine-T is harmful if swallowed. It is corrosive on skin, eyes or mucous membranes. It releases toxic chlorine gas upon reaction with acids. It is water-soluble and thus can be released to the environment dissolved in water. It is a known sensitizer. [9] Chloramine-T has been observed to cause occupational asthma and flu-like symptoms. [7 ...
About 40 years ago, researchers became aware of a chemical byproduct from water being treated with chloramine, but only with new testing have researchers been able to identify exactly what it is.
Chloramination is the treatment of drinking water with a chloramine disinfectant. [1] Both chlorine and small amounts of ammonia are added to the water one at a time which react together to form chloramine (also called combined chlorine), a long lasting disinfectant. Chloramine disinfection is used in both small and large water treatment plants.