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As the number of oxygen atoms bound to chlorine increases, the chlorine's oxidation number becomes more positive. This gives rise to the following common pattern: first, the -ate ion is considered to be the base name; adding a per-prefix adds an oxygen, while changing the -ate suffix to -ite will reduce the oxygens by one, and keeping the suffix -ite and adding the prefix hypo-reduces the ...
The cation is always named first. Ions can be metals, non-metals or polyatomic ions. Therefore, the name of the metal or positive polyatomic ion is followed by the name of the non-metal or negative polyatomic ion. The positive ion retains its element name whereas for a single non-metal anion the ending is changed to -ide.
Sometimes an abbreviated form of the element name has to be taken, e.g. germide for germanium as germanide refers to GeH − 3. Polyatomic cations of the same element are named as the element name preceded by di-, tri-, etc., e.g.: Hg 2+ 2 dimercury(2+) Polyatomic cations made up of different elements are named either substitutively or ...
Cations are positively (+) charged ions while anions are negatively (−) charged. This can be remembered with the help of the following mnemonics. Cats have paws ⇔ Cations are pawsitive. [23] Ca+ion: The letter t in cation looks like a + (plus) sign. [24] An anion is a negative ion. (An egative ion ⇒ Anion). [25]
Ions consisting of only a single atom are termed atomic or monatomic ions, while two or more atoms form molecular ions or polyatomic ions. In the case of physical ionization in a fluid (gas or liquid), "ion pairs" are created by spontaneous molecule collisions, where each generated pair consists of a free electron and a positive ion. [5]
Some ionic compounds contain polyatomic ions, which are charged entities containing two or more covalently bonded types of atoms. It is important to know the names of common polyatomic ions; these include: ammonium (NH + 4) nitrite (NO − 2) nitrate (NO − 3) sulfite (SO 2− 3) sulfate (SO 2− 4) hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate) (HSO − 4 ...
IUPAC nomenclature is used for the naming of chemical compounds, based on their chemical composition and their structure. [1] For example, one can deduce that 1-chloropropane has a Chlorine atom on the first carbon in the 3-carbon propane chain.
For ions, the charge on a particular atom may be denoted with a right-hand superscript. For example, Na +, or Cu 2+. The total charge on a charged molecule or a polyatomic ion may also be shown in this way, such as for hydronium, H 3 O +, or sulfate, SO 2− 4. Here + and − are used in place of +1 and −1, respectively.