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The Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXV, alternatively 25th Dynasty or Dynasty 25), also known as the Nubian Dynasty, the Kushite Empire, the Black Pharaohs, [2] [3] or the Napatans, after their capital Napata, [4] was the last dynasty of the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt that occurred after the Kushite invasion.
The family tree of the 25th Dynasty is too complex to show in its entirety and it is not always clear whether a pharaoh is a son or brother of his predecessor. The following is a simplified – yet updated to 2017 – version following the new dynastic arrangement which sees Shebitku as Shabaka's predecessor rather than successor as traditionally stated.
Piye is also attested by two papyri dated to Year 21 and 22 of his reign where he is named Pharaoh "Piye Si-Ese Meryamun" which is undoubtedly this king's name. [ 16 ] Kenneth Kitchen has suggested a reign of 31 years for Piye, based on the Year 8 donation stela of a king Shepsesre Tefnakht who is commonly viewed as Piye's opponent. [ 17 ]
Taharqa, also spelled Taharka or Taharqo (Ancient Egyptian: 饟嚳饟墧饟儹饟垘, romanized: t隃rwq, Akkadian: Tar-qu-ú, Hebrew: 转执旨专职讛指拽指讛, romanized: T墨rh膩q膩, Manetho's Tarakos, Strabo's Tearco), was a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt and qore (king) of the Kingdom of Kush (present day Sudan) from 690 to 664 BC.
The Kushite pharaohs built or restored temples and monuments throughout the Nile valley, including Memphis, Karnak, Kawa, and Jebel Barkal. [44] [45] It was during the 25th dynasty that the Nile valley saw the first widespread construction of pyramids (many in modern Sudan) since the Middle Kingdom.
– Also pharaoh of Egypt (25th dynasty) The Middle Napatan [ 31 ] period began with the rule of the earliest known named Kushite monarch, Alara, [ 31 ] and encompassed the later period of Kushite rule over Egypt (as Ancient Egypt 's 25th dynasty). [ 20 ]
Some sources credit Kashta as the founder of the 25th dynasty since he was the first Kushite king known to have expanded his kingdom's influence into Upper Egypt. [13] Under Kashta's reign, the native Kushite population of his kingdom, situated between the third and fourth Cataracts of the Nile , became rapidly 'Egyptianized' and adopted ...
Pharaoh: 25th dynasty: reigned c. 752 BC – c. 721 BC: Kushite king and founder of the 25th dynasty of Egypt who ruled from the city of Napata. As ruler of Nubia and Upper Egypt, Piye took advantage of the squabbling of Egypt's rulers to expand Nubia's power beyond Thebes into Lower Egypt receiving the submission of the kings of the Nile Delta ...