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The process of writing in shorthand is called stenography, from the Greek stenos (narrow) and graphein (to write). It has also been called brachygraphy, from Greek brachys (short), and tachygraphy, from Greek tachys (swift, speedy), depending on whether compression or speed of writing is the goal. Many forms of shorthand exist.
English: Thomas Natural Shorthand [71] 1935: Charles A. Thomas: English: Tironian notes [72] 63 BC: Marcus Tullius Tiro: Latin: Typed Shorthand [73] 1917: William Baines: English: Also known as Baines' Typed Shorthand. Universal English Shorthand [74] about 1740: John Byrom: English: Wang-Krogdahl's system [75] 1936: Leif Wang and Olav Krogdahl ...
Gregg Shorthand Alphabet, with letters and words from Esperanto. Gregg shorthand is a system of phonography, or a phonemic writing system, which means it records the sounds of the speaker, not the English spelling. [4] For example, it uses the f stroke for the / f / sound in funnel, telephone, and laugh, [8] and omits all silent letters. [4]
Pitman shorthand is a system of shorthand for the English language developed by Englishman Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897), who first presented it in 1837. [1] Like most systems of shorthand, it is a phonetic system; the symbols do not represent letters, but rather sounds, and words are, for the most part, written as they are spoken.
Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan are changing to the Latin alphabet but still have considerable use of Cyrillic. See Languages using Cyrillic. Deseret alphabet – proposed for English but never adopted; Eclectic shorthand – English; Elbasan – Albanian; Fraser – Lisu; Gabelsberger shorthand – German; Garay – Wolof and Mandinka
These systems used normally written letters of the alphabet, but also some number of symbols, alphabetic characters changed in shape or position, or special marks for punctuation and so they are more accurately described as hybrid shorthand systems. In contrast, Personal Shorthand uses only the 26 letters of the alphabet, without any special ...
The original version of Speedwriting uses letters of the alphabet and a few punctuation marks to represent the sounds of English. There are abbreviations for common prefixes and suffixes; for example, uppercase N represents enter- or inter- so "entertainment" is written as Ntn-and "interrogation" is reduced to Ngj. [2]
Forkner Shorthand is an alphabetic shorthand created by Hamden L. Forkner and first published in 1955. Its popularity grew through the 1980s as those who needed shorthand every day (such as secretaries) began to favor the easier learning curve of alphabetic systems to the more difficult (but potentially faster) symbol-based ones.