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Naloxone, sold under the brand name Narcan among others, is an opioid antagonist, a medication used to reverse or reduce the effects of opioids. [13] For example, it is used to restore breathing after an opioid overdose . [ 13 ]
Since (+)-naloxone and (+)-naltrexone lack affinity for opioid receptors, they do not block the effects of opioid analgesic drugs, and so can be used to counteract the TLR4-mediated side effects of opioid agonists without affecting analgesia, [6] though (+)-naloxone does reduce the reinforcing effects of opioid drugs. [7] (+)-Naloxone was also ...
Buprenorphine/naloxone, sold under the brand name Suboxone among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication that includes buprenorphine and naloxone. [3] It is used to treat opioid use disorder, and reduces the mortality of opioid use disorder by 50% (by reducing the risk of overdose on full-agonist opioids such as heroin or fentanyl).
Naloxone is then recommended to those who cannot reverse the opioid's effects through breathing. [10] [3] Giving naloxone via nasal administration or as an injection into a muscle has shown to be equally effective. [11] Other efforts to prevent deaths from overdose include increasing access to naloxone and treatment for opioid dependence. [1] [12]
Oxycodone/naloxone, sold under the brand name Targin among others, is a combination pain medication available as modified-release tablets administered by mouth. [ 5 ] The oxycodone component is an opioid and is responsible for the pain-relieving effects.
Like methadone, Suboxone blocks both the effects of heroin withdrawal and an addict’s craving and, if used properly, does it without causing intoxication. Unlike methadone, it can be prescribed by a certified family physician and taken at home, meaning a recovering addict can lead a normal life, without a daily early-morning commute to a clinic.
On the other hand, Naloxone has no partial agonist effects, and is in fact a partial inverse agonist at μ-opioid receptors, and so is the preferred antidote drug for treating opioid overdose.
In the U.S., at least 26,500 overdoses were reversed through the administration of naloxone by civilians between 1996 and 2014. [27] Since its inception in 2017 through 2019, NEXT Harm Reduction distributed naloxone kits by mail to 3,609 individuals and received 335 reports of overdose reversals by naloxone provided by NEXT and its affiliates. [28]