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In the U.S., every plumbing fixture must also be coupled to the system's vent piping. [1] Without a vent, negative pressure can slow the flow of water leaving the system, resulting in clogs, or cause siphonage to empty a trap. The high point of the vent system (the top of its "soil stack") must be open to the exterior at atmospheric pressure.
The most common plumbing fixtures are: Bathtubs; Bidets; Channel drains; Drinking fountains; Showers; Sinks; Tap (connections for water hoses) . Tapware - an industry term for that sub-category of plumbing fixtures consisting of tap valves, also called water taps (British English) or faucets (American English), and their accessories, such as water spouts and shower heads.
Mechanical, or forced, ventilation is provided by an air handler (AHU) and used to control indoor air quality. Excess humidity, odors, and contaminants can often be controlled via dilution or replacement with outside air. However, in humid climates more energy is required to remove excess moisture from ventilation air.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) publishes several Standards on plumbing. Some are: ASME A112.6.3 – Floor and Trench Drains; ASME A112.6.4 – Roof, Deck, and Balcony Drains; ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 – Plumbing Supply Fittings; ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2 – Enameled Cast Iron and Enameled Steel Plumbing Fixtures
Plumbing systems also service air distribution/control, and therefore contribute to the mechanical part of MEP. Plumbing for HVAC systems involves the transfer of coolant, pressurized air, water, and occasionally other substances. Ducting for air transfer may also be consider plumbing, but is generally installed by different tradespeople. [11]
ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers A112.19.1 Enameled cast-iron and steel plumbing fixtures standards; A112.19.2 Ceramic plumbing fixtures standard; ASTM International: American Society for Testing and Materials; API: American Petroleum Institute; AWS: American Welding Society; AWWA: American Water Works Association