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1. “Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.” 2. “Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all.” 3. “Excellence is never an accident.
Aristotle emphasized the practical importance of developing excellence of character (Greek ēthikē aretē), as the way to achieve what is finally more important, excellent conduct (Greek praxis). As Aristotle argues in Book II of the Nicomachean Ethics , the man who possesses character excellence will tend to do the right thing, at the right ...
First page of a 1566 edition of the Aristotolic Ethics in Greek and Latin. The Nicomachean Ethics (/ ˌ n aɪ k ɒ m ə ˈ k i ə n, ˌ n ɪ-/; Ancient Greek: Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια, Ēthika Nikomacheia) is Aristotle's best-known work on ethics: the science of the good for human life, that which is the goal or end at which all our actions aim. [1]:
Aristotle identifies approximately 18 virtues that demonstrate a person is performing their human function well. [7] He distinguished virtues pertaining to emotion and desire from those relating to the mind. [7]: II The first he calls moral virtues, and the second intellectual virtues (though both are "moral" in the modern sense of the word).
Plato, through his Academy, emphasized the importance of philosophical education as a means to achieve moral and intellectual excellence. Aristotle, in turn, founded the Lyceum, where he advanced the study of logic, ethics, and natural sciences, laying the groundwork for many disciplines that would later become central to Western education. [8]
In Aristotle's work, phronesis is the intellectual virtue that helps turn one's moral instincts into practical action. [ 4 ] [ 10 ] He writes that moral virtues help any person to achieve the end, and that phronesis is what it takes to discover the means to gain that end. [ 4 ]
Aristotle and other classical philosophers propounded the principle of the golden mean which counsels against extremism in general. [4] Its sense in English literature can be traced back to Shakespeare. [5] In his tragedy King Lear (1606), the Duke of Albany warns of "striving to better, oft we mar what's well" and in Sonnet 103:
[a] Aristotle expounded them systematically in the Nicomachean Ethics. They were also recognized by the Stoics and Cicero expanded on them. In the Christian tradition, they are also listed in the Deuterocanonical books in Wisdom of Solomon 8:7 and 4 Maccabees 1:18–19 , and the Doctors Ambrose , Augustine , and Aquinas [ 3 ] expounded their ...