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  2. Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the...

    The Berber rebellions were quelled in blood, and the Arab commanders came up reinforced after 742. Different Arab factions reached an agreement to alternate in office, but this did not last long, since Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri (opposed to the Umayyads) remained in power up to his defeat by Abd al-Rahman I in 756, and the establishment ...

  3. Al-Andalus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalus

    Al-Andalus (Arabic: الأَنْدَلُس, romanized: al-ʾAndalus) [a] was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.The name refers to the different Muslim [1] [2] states that controlled these territories at various times between 711 and 1492.

  4. Reconquista - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconquista

    Detail of the Cantiga #63 (13th century), which deals with a late 10th-century battle in San Esteban de Gormaz involving the troops of Count García and Almanzor. [1]The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for ' reconquest ') [a] or the reconquest of al-Andalus [b] was a series of military and cultural campaigns that European Christian kingdoms waged against the Muslim kingdoms following the ...

  5. Arabization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabization

    Arabization or Arabicization (Arabic: تعريب, romanized: taʻrīb) is a sociological process of cultural change in which a non-Arab society becomes Arab, meaning it either directly adopts or becomes strongly influenced by the Arabic language, culture, literature, art, music, and ethnic identity as well as other socio-cultural factors.

  6. History of colonialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_colonialism

    Later the Northern European countries began establishing settlements of their own, primarily in areas that were outside of Spanish interests, such as what is now the eastern seaboard of the United States and Canada, or islands in the Caribbean, such as Aruba, Martinique, and Barbados, that had been abandoned by the Spanish in favor of the ...

  7. Timeline of the Muslim presence in the Iberian Peninsula

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Muslim...

    740 – Berbers rebel against the ethnically exclusive Arab Umayyad Caliphate and refuse to support them with tax revenues. 741 – The 10,000 survivors of Kulthum's force arrive in Iberia under a new leader, Talaba ibn Salama. 742 – Internal conflict in Al-Andalus continues for the next 4 years.

  8. Arabs in Spain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs_in_Spain

    Arab people, Arab diaspora, Arab American, Arab Argentine, Arab Brazilian, Arab Canadians, Arab Mexican There have been Arabs in Spain ( Arabic : عرب إسبانيا ; Spanish : Árabes en España ) since the early 8th century when the Umayyad conquest of the Iberian Peninsula created the state of Al-Andalus .

  9. Early Muslim conquests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 22 January 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...