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The Type 575 Transistor-Curve Tracer displays the dynamic characteristic curves of both NPN and PNP transistors on the screen of a 5-inch cathode-ray tube. Several different transistor characteristic curves may be displayed, including the collector family in the common-base and common emitter configuration. In addition to the transistor ...
The NPN output could drive PNP inputs, and vice versa. "The disadvantages are that more different power supply voltages are needed, and both pnp and npn transistors are required." [9] Instead of alternating NPN and PNP stages, another coupling method employed Zener diodes and resistors to shift the output logic levels to be the same as the ...
In a diode model two diodes are connected back-to-back to make a PNP or NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) equivalent. This model is theoretical and qualitative. This model is theoretical and qualitative.
The 2N3904 is a common NPN bipolar junction transistor used for general-purpose low-power amplifying or switching applications. [1] [2] [3] It is designed for low current and power, medium voltage, and can operate at moderately high speeds. It is complementary to the 2N3906 PNP transistor. Both types were registered by Motorola Semiconductor in ...
Ebers–Moll model for an NPN transistor. [28] I B, I C and I E are the base, collector and emitter currents; I CD and I ED are the collector and emitter diode currents; α F and α R are the forward and reverse common-base current gains. Ebers–Moll model for a PNP transistor Approximated Ebers–Moll model for an NPN transistor in the ...
Thus for example a NPN gate driven by a PNP gate would see the threshold voltage of -6V in the middle of the range of 0V to -12V. Similarly for the PNP gate switching at 0V driven by a range of 6V to -6V. The 1401 used germanium transistors and diodes in its basic gates. [7] The 1401 also added an inductor in series with R2.
Alternately, if a germanium PNP device was used, it would have significantly different characteristics than the silicon NPN transistor. In the quasi-complementary topology, the performance of the lower pull pair, which uses a single NPN transistor, more closely matches the performance of the upper push pair, which consists of two NPN ...
The 2N3906 is a commonly used PNP bipolar junction transistor intended for general purpose low-power amplifying or switching applications. [1] [2] It is designed for low electric current and power and medium voltage, and can operate at moderately high speeds. It is complementary to the 2N3904 NPN transistor. [3]