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The Ober test is used in physical examination to identify tightness of the iliotibial band (iliotibial band syndrome). During the test, the patient lies on his/her side with the unaffected leg on the bottom with their shoulder and pelvis in line. The lower hip and knee can be in a flexed position to take out any lordosis of the lumbar spine. [1]
The Thomas Test examines the iliopsoas, the group of muscles that connects the spine to your legs, through the pelvis; the rectus femoris, the quad muscles that run from your hip to your knee; and ...
The Drehmann sign describes a clinical test of examining orthopedic patients and is widely used in the functional check of the hip joint. It was first described by Gustav Drehmann (Breslau, 1869–1932). [1] The Drehmann sign is positive if an unavoidable passive external rotation of the hip occurs when performing a hip flexion.
The psoas sign, also known as Cope's sign (or Cope's psoas test [1]) or Obraztsova's sign, [2] is a medical sign that indicates irritation to the iliopsoas group of hip flexors in the abdomen, and consequently indicates that the inflamed appendix is retrocaecal in orientation (as the iliopsoas muscle is retroperitoneal).
Sometimes, with a very flexible patient, the Thomas test will be normal despite a psoas dysfunction being present. However, in the patient with a normal hip joint, a positive test is a good indicator of psoas hypertonicity. [2] Other signs from the Thomas test: opposite/ contralateral hip flexes without knee extension- tight iliopsoas
Thomas test for tight hip flexors both performed by the provider holding the unaffected leg to the chest and leaving the affected leg on the table. If the affected leg cannot lie flat on the table it is a positive test. [1] the Kendall test is similar, but the patient holds the unaffected leg to their chest. [1]
Involuntary extension of the "normal" leg occurs when flexing the contralateral leg against resistance. To perform the test, the examiner should hold one hand under the heel of the "normal" limb and ask the patient to flex the contralateral hip against resistance (while the patient is supine), asking the patient to keep the weak leg straight while raising it.
Physical exam should also involve assessing passive internal rotation of the hip during flexion, as range of motion is reduced in proportion to the size of a cam lesion. [10] Flexing the hip to 90 degrees, adducting, and internally rotating the hip, known as the FADDIR test, should also be performed. [10] It is positive when it causes pain.