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Persecution flared episodically and over a period of 15 years, between 1617 and 1632, 205 missionaries and native Christians are known to have been killed for their faith, 55 of them during the Great Genna Martyrdom, a further 50 during the Great Martyrdom of Edo (but only three were beatified as part of the 205 Martyrs of Japan). [4]
Emperor Ōgimachi issued edicts to ban Catholicism in 1565 and 1568, but to little effect. [4] Beginning in 1587, with imperial regent Toyotomi Hideyoshi's ban on Jesuit missionaries, Christianity was repressed as a threat to national unity. [5] After the Tokugawa shogunate banned Christianity in 1620
Many Christians were executed by burning at the stake in Nagasaki. [4] After the Tokugawa shogunate banned Christianity in 1620, it ceased to exist publicly. Many Catholics went underground, becoming hidden Christians ( 隠れキリシタン , kakure kirishitan ) , while others were killed.
Christianity arrived in Japan in 1549 with the Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier. Fanning out from Nagasaki, the new faith won many converts, including a number of daimyōs. Toyotomi Hideyoshi then Tokugawa Ieyasu persecuted those professing to be Christian.
In 1543, during the wars of the Sengoku period, the Portuguese landed in Japan for the first time, and soon spread Christianity throughout Japan from Kyushu.Regional daimyō, or feudal lords, were eager to trade with the Portuguese for their European arquebus, while the Portuguese saw the Japanese as potential converts to the Christian religion, preferring to trade with those who converted.
The gion-mamori, the crest of the Gion Shrine, which depicts two crossing scrolls and a horn, was adopted by the Kakure Kirishitan as their crest under the Tokugawa shogunate [4] Kakure Kirishitan are the Catholic communities in Japan which hid themselves during the ban and persecution of Christianity by Japan in the 1600s. [3] [5]
The Great Martyrdom of Edo [1] was the execution of 50 foreign and domestic Catholics (kirishitans), who were burned alive for their Christianity in Edo (modern-day Tokyo), Japan, on 4 December 1623. The mass execution was part of the persecution of Christians in Japan by Tokugawa Iemitsu, the third shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate.
After the 1614 arrival of a delegation from the Catholic Philippines which offered to establish trade and diplomatic relations, new shogun Tokugawa Hidetada issued an edict on February 1, 1614, which officially banned Christianity in Japan, expelled all Christians and Europeans from the country (including the children of mixed marriages) except ...