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The political dispute has been characterized by the conflict between the upper and lower houses of the Congress of the Philippines. The House of Representatives is in favor of amending the constitution, while the Senate is opposed to it, [ 4 ] [ 5 ] with the latter being supported by several high profile politicians such as former president and ...
Election campaign communication can be examined using one single research method or a multitude of methods. A "multimethod study on the role of television during the European election campaign" in 1979 has been conducted by Jay Blumler, combining survey research of party-representatives and voters with a "content analysis of campaign reporting ...
Federalism was one of the main campaign promises of Rodrigo Duterte when he ran for President of the Philippines in 2016. His administration pursued a proposal which would shift the Philippines from being under a unitary form of government to a federal one. By 2021, efforts to introduce a federal form of government in the Philippines has halted.
The development of election campaign communication can be divided in three phases, a traditional, party-centered period after World War II, a media-centered, personalizing and professionalizing modern period from the 1960s to the 1980s and a still emerging postmodern phase or period of political marketing, characterized by marketing-logics, fragmentation of voter groups, negativity and new ...
There were a few attempts to nationally elect local officials during the Spanish colonial period. Following the defeat of Spain in the Spanish–American War and the Philippines later in the Philippine–American War, the Captaincy General of the Philippines and the First Philippine Republic were replaced by the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands (which was established by the United ...
A paper campaign is a political campaign in which the candidate only files the necessary paperwork to appear on the ballot. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] The purpose of such a token effort may be simply to increase name awareness of a minor political party, to give voters of a certain ideology an opportunity to vote accordingly, or to ensure that the party has ...
The Iglesia ni Cristo is known for its practice of bloc voting during elections. [1] [2] [3] The INC is known for issuing directives to vote for certain candidates endorsed by the church under the tenet of obedience and the advocacy of a united unit. [1]
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