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Weber continued his investigation into this matter in later works, notably in his studies on bureaucracy and on the classification of legitimate authority into three ideal types – rational-legal, traditional, and charismatic – of which rational-legal was the dominant one in the modern world. [166]
rational-legal authority (modern law and state, bureaucracy). These three types are ideal types and rarely appear in their pure form. According to Weber, authority (as distinct from power (German: Macht)) is power accepted as legitimate by those subjected to it. The three forms of authority are said to appear in a "hierarchical development order".
Bureaucratic formalism is often connected to Weber's metaphor of the iron cage because the bureaucracy is the greatest expression of rationality. Weber wrote that bureaucracies are goal-oriented organizations that are based on rational principles that are used to efficiently reach their goals. [ 10 ]
Scholars such as Max Weber and Charles Perrow characterized the rational-legal bureaucracy as the most efficient form of administration. [1] [2] Critics challenge that rational-legal authority is as rational and unbiased as presented, as well as challenge that it is effective. [3]
The German sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920) was the first to study bureaucracy formally, and his works led to the popularization of this term. [62] In his essay Bureaucracy, [63] published in his magnum opus, Economy and Society in 1921, Weber described many ideal-typical forms of public administration, government, and business. His ideal ...
Ideal type (German: Idealtypus), also known as pure type, is a typological term most closely associated with the sociologist Max Weber (1864–1920). [1] For Weber, the conduct of social science depends upon the construction of abstract, hypothetical concepts.
The scholar most closely associated with a theory of bureaucracy is Max Weber. In Economy and Society, his seminal book published in 1922, Weber describes its features. Bureaucracy, as characterized in Weber's terminology of ideal types, is marked by the presence of positions that are earned and not inherited. Rules govern decision-making.
Weber, Max (2015). "The Distribution of Power with the Gemeinschaft: Classes, Stände, Parties", trans. Dagmar Waters, Tony Waters editors and translators, in Weber's Rationalism and Modern Society: New Translations on Politics, Bureaucracy and Social Stratification." New York: Palgrave MacMillan.