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The role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in female fertility has long been suspected and studied. [3] Most studies through 2013 linking development of the fetus and cannabis show effects of consumption during the gestational period, but abnormalities in the endocannabinoid system during the phase of placental development are also linked with problems in pregnancy. [4]
There is no known safe dose of cannabis while pregnant and use of cannabis may lead to birth defects, pre-term birth, or low birth weight. [80] Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active ingredient in cannabis, can both cross the placenta and accumulates in high concentrations in breast milk. [81]
More and more people are using marijuana before or during pregnancy to ease nausea, pain, stress and help with sleep. In fact, research found that use has more than doubled in the last two decades
When using cannabis, there is a greater risk of birth defects, low birth weight, and a higher rate of death in infants or stillbirths. [38] Drug use will influence extreme irritability, crying, and risk for SIDS once the fetus is born. [39] Marijuana will slow the fetal growth rate and can result in premature delivery.
Low birth weight, preterm birth, intrauterine growth retardation, and congenital abnormalities have all been found to be associated with fetal exposure to air pollution. [24] Although pollution can be found virtually everywhere, there are specific sources that have been known to release toxic substances and should be avoided if possible by ...
It may be easy to assume that cannabis use causes psychosis. But evidence suggests there are several other plausible connections, write David Nathan and Peter Grinspoon Opinion: Does marijuana ...
Birth defects associated with prenatal exposure to alcohol can occur in the first three to eight weeks of pregnancy before a woman even knows that she is pregnant. [13] Diethylstilbestrol (DES) cervix. The cockscomb, collar, and pseudopolyp of cervix. Cockscomb (hoods) are markedly enlarged folds of cervical stroma and epithelium .
Teratogens are substances that may cause non-heritable birth defects via a toxic effect on an embryo or fetus. [1] Defects include malformations, disruptions, deformations, and dysplasia that may cause stunted growth, delayed mental development, or other congenital disorders that lack structural malformations. [2]