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Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and above sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranked below princes and grand dukes.
In 2020, Duke was ranked 22nd in the world by U.S. News & World Report and 20th in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. [192] [193] QS World University Rankings ranked Duke 50th in the world for its 2023 rankings. [194] Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) ranked Duke 20th globally in its 2020–21 report. [195]
Sovereign Duke, from the Latin Dux, meaning "leader," a military rank in the Late Roman Empire. Variant forms include Doge and Duce ; it has also been modified into Archduke (meaning "chief" Duke), Grand Duke (literally "large", or "big" Duke; see above under royal titles), Vice Duke ("deputy" Duke), etc.
Duke University took the top national ranking for North Carolina universities, while UNC-Chapel Hill ranked 5th among public universities and 15th for best value.
This group ranks below a duke but above an earl, count and a baron. The rank was acknowledged in European countries like Scotland, Germany, Italy and Spain and was adopted in imperial China and Japan.
Duke, in the United Kingdom, is the highest-ranking hereditary title in all five peerages of the British Isles. A duke thus outranks all other holders of titles of nobility ( marquess , earl , viscount and baron or lord of parliament ).
Examples of these foundations include The Duke Endowment, the Robert A. Welch Foundation, and the Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust. In 2017, a federal endowment tax was enacted in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 in the form of an excise tax of 1.4% on institutions that have at least 500 tuition-paying students and net assets of at least ...
Duke University School of Medicine is recognised as one of the best medical schools in the United States and the world. It is currently ranked #3 in the country, according to U.S. News & World Report ' s rankings for best research medical schools in 2022. [15] Several Duke programs are ranked as some of the highest in the country.