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A 115 kV to 41.6/12.47 kV 5 MVA 60 Hz substation with circuit switcher, regulators, reclosers and control building at Warren, Minnesota. It shows elements of low-profile construction, with apparatus mounted on individual columns. A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system.
Most of the world uses 50 Hz 220 or 230 V single phase, or 400 V three-phase for residential and light industrial services. In this system, the primary distribution network supplies a few substations per area, and the 230 V / 400 V power from each substation is directly distributed to end users over a region of normally less than 1 km radius.
A typical one-line diagram with annotated power flows. Red boxes represent circuit breakers, grey lines represent three-phase bus and interconnecting conductors, the orange circle represents an electric generator, the green spiral is an inductor, and the three overlapping blue circles represent a double-wound transformer with a tertiary winding.
The study measured the electric field strength at the edge of an existing right-of-way on a 765 kV transmission line. The field strength was 1.6 kV/m, and became the interim maximum strength standard for new transmission lines in New York State. The opinion also limited the voltage of new transmission lines built in New York to 345 kV.
The voltage changes due to the transition from line-to-line to line-to-earth, typically reducing a 22 kV grid to 12.7 kV SWER or a 33 kV grid to 19.1 kV SWER. The SWER line is a single conductor that may stretch for tens or even hundreds of kilometres, with a number of distribution transformers along its length.
A substation one-line diagram, showing: busbars (coloured grey), transmission lines (black) circuit breakers (red), a generator (orange) and a transformer (blue) with a tertiary-connected reactor (green). Active and reactive power flows are annotated in purple: Source: Own work: Author: BillC
The TANTRANSCO maintains all the substations in Tamil Nadu apart from the Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL). These substations fall under one of the following categories: 400/230 kV substations. 230/110 kV substations. 110 kV substations. 33 kV substations. less than this kV transmissions as 22 kV and 11 kV are used for distribution.
TGSPDCL has a vast infrastructure facility in its operating area with 1,605 Nos. of 33/11 KV substations 3,102 Nos. of power transformers, 1,220 Nos. of 33 KV feeders 7,263 Nos. of 11 KV feeders and around 4,22,003 Nos. of distribution transformers of various capacities.
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