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A violet color indicates still alkaline areas and thus non-carbonated concrete. Carbonated zones favorable for steel corrosion and concrete degradation are colorless. [3] [4] The presence of water in carbonated concrete is necessary to lower the pH of concrete pore water around rebar and to depassivate the carbon steel surface at low pH.
Concrete can be carbonated by two main methods: weathering carbonation and early age carbonation. [29] Weathering carbonation occurs in concrete when calcium compounds react with carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the atmosphere and water (H 2 O) in the concrete pores. The reaction is as follows.
A fairly well-defined reaction front can often be observed in thin sections; ahead of the front the concrete is normal, or near normal. Behind the reaction front, the composition and the microstructure of concrete are modified. These changes may vary in type or severity but commonly include: Extensive cracking; Expansion
The flow table test or slump-flow test is a method to determine consistency of fresh concrete. Flow table test is also used to identify transportable moisture limit of solid bulk cargoes. [ 1 ] It is used primarily for assessing concrete that is too fluid (workable) to be measured using the slump test , because the concrete will not retain its ...
To assess some of the durability design parameters, the use of accelerated laboratory test is suggested, such as the so called Rapid Chloride Migration Test to evaluate chloride penetration resistance of concrete [11] '. Through the application of corrective parameters, the long-term behaviour of the structure in real exposure conditions may be ...
Lessard Environmental Inc. provided Westminster and affected residents an update on the PFAS contamination around Bean Porridge Hill Road.
ASTM C1293: "Test Method for Concrete Aggregates by Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction". It is a long-term confirmation test (1 or 2 years) at 38 °C in a water-saturated moist atmosphere (inside a thermostated oven) with concrete prisms containing the aggregates to be characterised mixed with a high-alkali ...
The stress intensity factor at the crack tip of a compact tension specimen is [4] = [() / / + / / + /] where is the applied load, is the thickness of the specimen, is the crack length, and is the effective width of the specimen being the distance between the centreline of the holes and the backface of the coupon.
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