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Ink drawing of Ganesha under an umbrella (early 19th century). Ink, called masi, an admixture of several chemical components, has been used in India since at least the 4th century BC. [1] The practice of writing with ink and a sharp pointed needle was common in early South India. [2] Several Jain sutras in India were compiled in ink. [3]
Some users mix inks to create their own colours. Some combinations of inks may cause unexpected colour changes, even if the inks are from the same manufacturer. This is a result of chemical reactions between the different components. The colour of many dyes depends on pH, and some lose their colour entirely outside a certain pH range.
Iron gall ink (also known as common ink, standard ink, oak gall ink or iron gall nut ink) is a purple-black or brown-black ink made from iron salts and tannic acids from vegetable sources. It was the standard ink formulation used in Europe for the 1400-year period between the 5th and 19th centuries, remained in widespread use well into the 20th ...
Most markers have alcohol-based solvents. Other types, called paint markers, contain volatile organic compounds which evaporate to dry the ink, and are similar to spray paint. Due to solvents such as toluene and xylene often being present in permanent markers, they have a potential for abuse as a recreational drug.
A voter's left hand index finger stained with election ink. 15th Malaysian general election. Electoral stain is a practical security feature to prevent double voting in elections. Ink is typically applied to the left-hand thumb, over the nail and finger in a straight line, especially to the cuticle, where it is almost impossible to remove ...
Aluminum pigments. Ultramarine (PB29): a synthetic or naturally occurring sulfur containing silicate mineral - Na 8–10 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 S 2–4 (generalized formula); Persian blue: made by grinding up the mineral Lapis lazuli.
Other inks may use benzoisothiazolinone, which is a skin irritant. [3] To help the carrier serve as a vehicle for delivering pigment, commercial formulations may include wetting agents, pH-regulating chemicals, stabilizers, and thickening agents. [27] Ink manufacturers may add witch hazel to help the skin heal after the tattooing process. [2]
The particles have a density of 1.27 g cm −3, which may be due to the amount of metals that the ink has in its composition (4.7% in weight). [11] Heteroteuthis dispar is a cephalopod species known for releasing luminous ink. The light comes from a substance produced by a dedicated organ before being transferred into the ink sac. [12]