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The standard title for monarchs from Æthelstan until John was "King of the English". In 1016 Cnut the Great, a Dane, was the first to call himself "King of England". In the Norman period "King of the English" remained standard, with occasional use of "King of England" or Rex Anglie. From John's reign onwards all other titles were eschewed in ...
The English monarchy traces its origins to the petty kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England, which consolidated into the Kingdom of England by the 10th century. Anglo-Saxon England had an elective monarchy, but this was replaced by primogeniture after the Norman Conquest in 1066.
For centuries, English official public documents have been dated according to the regnal years of the ruling monarch.Traditionally, parliamentary statutes are referenced by regnal year, e.g. the Occasional Conformity Act 1711 is officially referenced as "10 Ann. c. 6" (read as "the sixth chapter of the statute of the parliamentary session that sat in the 10th year of the reign of Queen Anne").
All English monarchs after 1066 ultimately descend from the Normans, and the distinction of the Plantagenets is conventional—beginning with Henry II (reigned 1154–1189) as from that time, the Angevin kings became "more English in nature"; the houses of Lancaster and York are both Plantagenet cadet branches, the Tudor dynasty claimed descent ...
1003/1005–1066 King of the English r. 1042–1066 Son of Æthelred the Unready: Alfred Aetheling d. 1036 Son of the king Æthelred the Unready: Godgifu 1004–c. 1047 Daughter of King Æthelred the Unready Robert I 1000–1035 Duke of Normandy: King Edgar II the Ætheling c. 1051 –1126 King of England r. 1066: Cristina d. c. 1100 Daughter ...
Harold II, the future king of England (r. 1066-1066), is born to parents Godwin of Wessex and Gytha Thorkelsdóttir. 1028 William the Conqueror, the future king of England (r.1066-1087), is born to parents Robert the Magnificent and Herleva. 1043: Edward the Confessor becomes king of all England [19] 1055
The Crown of Ireland Act 1542 granted English monarchs the title King of Ireland. From 1603, the English and Scottish kingdoms were ruled by a single sovereign in the Union of the Crowns. During the Interregnum (1649–1660), the monarchy was abolished and replaced with various forms of republican government.
The family held the English throne from 1154, with the accession of Henry II, until 1485, when Richard III died. England was transformed under the Plantagenets, although only partly intentionally. The Plantagenet kings were often forced to negotiate compromises such as Magna Carta , which constrained royal power in return for financial and ...