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The "early", "middle" (DNA replication), and "late" genes (virus structure), roughly represent the time course of gene expression. [74] Bacteriophage genomes can be highly mosaic, i.e. the genome of many phage species appear to be composed of numerous individual modules. These modules may be found in other phage species in different arrangements.
Three other phage membrane proteins that are not present in the phage, p1, p11, and p4, are also involved in assembly. Replication of RF DNA is converted to production of phage ssDNA by coating of the DNA with p5 to form an elongated p5/DNA replication/assembly complex, which then interacts with the membrane-bound phage proteins.
The structures of the phage capsid and of some other phage proteins are available from the Protein Data Bank. [6] The single-stranded Ff phage DNA runs down the central core of the phage, and is protected by a cylindrical protein coat built from thousands of identical α-helical major coat protein subunits coded by phage gene 8.
Lambda phage is a non-contractile tailed phage, meaning during an infection event it cannot 'force' its DNA through a bacterial cell membrane. It must instead use an existing pathway to invade the host cell, having evolved the tip of its tail to interact with a specific pore to allow entry of its DNA to the hosts.
Structure of phage ΦX174 capsid Schematic drawing of a Sinsheimervirus (aka Phix174microvirus) virion. The phi X 174 (or ΦX174) bacteriophage is a single-stranded DNA virus that infects Escherichia coli.
A prophage is a bacteriophage (often shortened to "phage") genome that is integrated into the circular bacterial chromosome or exists as an extrachromosomal plasmid within the bacterial cell. [1] Integration of prophages into the bacterial host is the characteristic step of the lysogenic cycle of temperate phages.
The phage particle adsorbs onto the surface of the bacterium using the tail fibers for specificity. The tail sheath contracts and the DNA of the phage is injected into the host cell. The host DNA recombination machinery or the cre enzyme translated from the viral DNA recombine the terminally redundant ends and circularize the genome.
M13 is one of the Ff phages (fd and f1 are others), a member of the family filamentous bacteriophage ().Ff phages are composed of circular single-stranded DNA (), which in the case of the m13 phage is 6407 nucleotides long and is encapsulated in approximately 2700 copies of the major coat protein p8, and capped with about 5 copies each of four different minor coat proteins (p3 and p6 at one ...