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In organic chemistry, the Malaprade reaction or Malaprade oxidation is a glycol cleavage reaction in which a vicinal diol is oxidized by periodic acid or a periodate salt to give the corresponding carbonyl functional groups. [1] [2] The reaction was first reported by Léon Malaprade in 1928. [3] [4] Amino alcohols are also cleaved. [5]
The National Standard Examination in Chemistry or NSEC is an examination in chemistry for higher secondary school students in India, usually conducted in the end of November. [1] The examination is organized by the Indian Association of Chemistry Teachers. Over 30,000 students, mainly from Standard 12, sit for this examination.
The reaction is named after Russian organic chemist Vyacheslav Tishchenko, who discovered that aluminium alkoxides are effective catalysts for the reaction. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In the related Cannizzaro reaction , the base is sodium hydroxide and then the oxidation product is a carboxylic acid and the reduction product is an alcohol .
In organic chemistry, an anti-Bredt molecule is a bridged molecule with a double bond at the bridgehead. Bredt's rule is the empirical observation that such molecules only form in large ring systems. For example, two of the following norbornene isomers violate Bredt's rule, and are too unstable to prepare: Bridgehead atoms violating Bredt's ...
Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms. [1]
An example of the Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction can be seen in the preparation of alanine from propionic acid.In the first step, a combination of bromine and phosphorus tribromide is used in the Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction to prepare 2-bromopropionic acid, [3] which in the second step is converted to a racemic mixture of the amino acid product by ammonolysis.