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Ink is a gel, sol, or solution that contains at least one colorant, such as a dye or pigment, and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design.
Wang Wei is the most important representative of early Chinese ink wash painting. He believed that in all forms of painting, ink wash painting is the most advanced. [11] [28] Zhang Zao was a Chinese painter, painting theorist and politician during the Tang dynasty, 8th century. [29]
The best distinction between inks and pigments is that ink is a colored liquid while pigments are colored particles suspended in a liquid. [4] Areas colored by pigments usually have multiple layers of pigments and other mediums. [2] The most important aspect of preserving pigments and inks is to identify their composition.
Painting is an important form of visual art, bringing in elements such as drawing, composition, gesture, narration, and abstraction. [3] Paintings can be naturalistic and representational (as in still life and landscape painting ), photographic , abstract, narrative, symbolistic (as in Symbolist art ), emotive (as in Expressionism ) or ...
A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink.It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in which the cloth, paper, or other medium was brushed or rubbed repeatedly to achieve the transfer of ink and accelerated the process.
To make a print, the engraved plate is inked all over, then the ink is wiped off the surface, leaving ink only in the engraved lines. The plate is then put through a high-pressure printing press together with a sheet of paper (often moistened to soften it). The paper picks up the ink from the engraved lines, making a print.
Today, practically all movable type printing ultimately derives from Gutenberg's movable type printing, which is often regarded as the most important invention of the second millennium. [103] [104] [105] Gutenberg is also credited with the introduction of an oil-based ink which was more durable than previously used water-based inks.
Printers' workshops, previously unknown in Europe before the mid-15th century, were found in every important metropolis by 1500. [6] Later metal presses used a knuckle and lever arrangement instead of the screw, but the principle was the same. Ink rollers made of composition made inking faster and paved the way for further automation.