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Gemstones of the World revised 5th edition, 2013 by Walter Schumann ISBN 978-1454909538 Smithsonian Handbook: Gemstones by Cally Hall, 2nd ed. 2002 ISBN 978-0789489852 hide
Prasiolite (also known as green quartz, green amethyst or vermarine) is a green variety of quartz.. Since 1950, almost all natural prasiolite has come from a small Brazilian mine, [citation needed] but it has also been mined in the Lower Silesia region of Poland.
Phenakite or phenacite is a fairly rare nesosilicate mineral consisting of beryllium orthosilicate, Be 2 Si O 4.Occasionally used as a gemstone, phenakite occurs as isolated crystals, which are rhombohedral with parallel-faced hemihedrism, and are either lenticular or prismatic in habit: the lenticular habit is determined by the development of faces of several obtuse rhombohedra and the ...
Mineral tests are simple physical and chemical methods of testing samples, which can help to identify the mineral type. [1] This approach is used widely in mineralogy, ore geology and general geological mapping. [2]
A selection of ornamental, non-precious stones made by tumbling rough pebbles with abrasive grit in a rotating drum. The biggest pebble here is 40 millimetres (1.6 in) long. Gem identification is basically a process of elimination. Gemstones of similar color undergo non-destructive optical testing until there is only one possible identity.
Sapphire (gem corundum of any color except red, especially blue varieties) Sard (a variety of chalcedony/quartz) Satinspar (a variety of gypsum) Selenite (a variety of gypsum) Simetite (a variety of amber) Smoky quartz (a brown or black variety of quartz) Soda niter (synonym of nitratine) Spectrolite (a variety of labradorite) Spessartite ...
Mineral symbols (text abbreviations) are used to abbreviate mineral groups, subgroups, and species, just as lettered symbols are used for the chemical elements.. The first set of commonly used mineral symbols was published in 1983 and covered the common rock-forming minerals using 192 two- or three-lettered symbols. [1]
In 1986, California named benitoite as its state gemstone, a form of the mineral barium titanium silicate that is unique to the Golden State and only found in gem quality in San Benito County. [ 80 ] ^ Colorado is the only state whose geological symbols reflect the national flag's colors: red (rhodochrosite), white (yule marble), and blue ...