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Edward Norval "Ed" Blankenheim (March 16, 1934 – September 26, 2004) was an American civil rights activist and one of the original 13 Freedom Riders who rode Greyhound buses in 1961 as part of the Civil Rights Movement, in an effort to desegregate transit systems.
Additionally, the work notes that 24% of respondents of a Gallup Poll conducted in 1961 were in favor of the Freedom Rides, while 66% of the respondents of the same poll believed that racial segregation in bus transportation should be abolished; by the time the book was published, reception was highly positive to the Freedom Rides.
The Freedom Riders challenged this status quo by riding interstate buses in the South in mixed racial groups to challenge local laws or customs that enforced segregation in seating. The Freedom Rides, and the violent reactions they provoked, bolstered the credibility of the American Civil Rights Movement. They called national attention to the ...
William E. Harbour (January 9, 1942 – August 27, 2020) was an American civil rights activist who participated in the Freedom Rides.He was one of several youth activists involved in the latter actions, along with John Lewis, William Barbee, Paul Brooks, Charles Butler, Allen Cason, Catherine Burks, and Lucretia Collins.
Freedom Riders is a 2010 American historical documentary film, produced by Firelight Media for the twenty-third season of American Experience on PBS. The film is based in part on the book Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice by historian Raymond Arsenault . [ 1 ]
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There were ten Freedom Riders—two whites (Jim Zwerg and Salynn McCollum) and eight African Americans (John Lewis, William Barbee, Paul Brooks, Charles Butler, Allen Carson, Bill Harbour, Catherine Burks, and Lucretia Collins). McCollum was sent as an observer to report back to Diane Nash and was under orders not to be arrested with the other ...
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