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The term "black hole" was used in print by Life and Science News magazines in 1963, and by science journalist Ann Ewing in her article " 'Black Holes' in Space", dated 18 January 1964, which was a report on a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science held in Cleveland, Ohio. [60]
The Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet was a public bet on the outcome of the black hole information paradox made in 1997 by physics theorists Kip Thorne and Stephen Hawking on the one side, and John Preskill on the other, according to the document they signed 6 February 1997, [1] as shown in Hawking's 2001 book The Universe in a Nutshell.
This book is a collection of essays and lectures written by Hawking, mainly about the makeup of black holes, and why they might be nodes from which other universes grow. Hawking discusses black hole thermodynamics , special relativity , general relativity , and quantum mechanics .
Black holes have a role in natural selection. In fecund theory a collapsing [clarification needed] black hole causes the emergence of a new universe on the "other side", whose fundamental constant parameters (masses of elementary particles, Planck constant, elementary charge, and so forth) may differ slightly from those of the universe where the black hole collapsed.
A black hole cosmology (also called Schwarzschild cosmology or black hole cosmological model) is a cosmological model in which the observable universe is the interior of a black hole. Such models were originally proposed by theoretical physicist Raj Kumar Pathria , [ 1 ] and concurrently by mathematician I. J. Good .
Black hole evaporation has several significant consequences: Black hole evaporation produces a more consistent view of black hole thermodynamics by showing how black holes interact thermally with the rest of the universe. Unlike most objects, a black hole's temperature increases as it radiates away mass.
Supermassive black hole binaries, consisting of two black holes with masses of 10 5 –10 9 solar masses. Supermassive black holes are found at the centre of galaxies. When galaxies merge, it is expected that their central supermassive black holes merge too. [34] These are potentially the loudest gravitational-wave signals.
Direct collapse black holes (DCBHs) are massive black hole seeds theorized to have formed in the high-redshift Universe and with typical masses at formation of ~ 10 5 M ☉, but spanning between 10 4 M ☉ and 10 6 M ☉. The environmental physical conditions to form a DCBH (as opposed to a cluster of stars) are the following: [3] [4]