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Air pollution can occur naturally or be caused by human activities. [4] Air pollution causes around 7 or 8 million deaths each year. [5] [6] It is a significant risk factor for a number of pollution-related diseases, including heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and lung cancer.
It has been estimated that the amount of sulfur needed to offset a warming of around 4 °C (7.2 °F) relative to now (and 5 °C (9.0 °F) relative to the preindustrial), under the highest-emission scenario RCP 8.5 would be less than what is already emitted through air pollution today, and that reductions in sulfur pollution from future air ...
Sulfur dioxide is found on Earth and exists in very small concentrations in the atmosphere at about 15 ppb. [ 12 ] On other planets, sulfur dioxide can be found in various concentrations, the most significant being the atmosphere of Venus , where it is the third-most abundant atmospheric gas at 150 ppm.
The amount of sulfur dioxide that can be emitted into the atmosphere is capped by the EPA. This reduces the quantity of sulfur dioxide in the air that turns into sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid. [14] Sulfuric acid concentrations in workroom air are restricted by OSHA to 1 mg/m 3. Moreover, NIOSH advises a time-weighted average limit of 1 mg/m ...
In the eastern United States, sulfate particles were estimated to account for 25% or more of all air pollution. [22] Exposure to sulfur dioxide emissions by coal power plants (coal PM 2.5) in the US was associated with 2.1 times greater mortality risk than exposure to PM 2.5 from all sources. [23]
Vog is a form of air pollution that results when sulfur dioxide and other gases and particles emitted by an erupting volcano react with oxygen and moisture in the presence of sunlight. The word is a portmanteau of the words "volcanic" and " smog ". [ 1 ]
Domestic combustion pollution is mainly composed of burning fuel including wood, gas, and charcoal in activities of heating, cooking, agriculture, and wildfires. [15] Major domestic pollutants contain 17% of carbon dioxide, 13% of carbon monoxide, 6% of nitrogen monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and fine and ultrafine particles. [16]
Volcanic activity can release sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and other acidic oxides into the atmosphere. [8] In air, sulfur dioxide converts to sulfuric acid: [9] This sulfuric acid dissociates into sulfate ions (SO₄²⁻) and hydrogen ions (H⁺), increasing the acidic condition. SO 2 + ½ O 2 + H 2 O → H 2 SO 4; H 2 SO 4 → 2H⁺ + SO 4 2 ⁻