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Birch dieback is a disease of birch trees that causes the branches in the crown to die off. The disease may eventually kill the tree. In an event in the Eastern United States and Canada in the 1930s and 1940s, no causal agent was found, but the wood-boring beetle, the bronze birch borer, was implicated in the severe damage and death of the tree that often followed.
Betula pendula, commonly known as silver birch, warty birch, European white birch, [2] or East Asian white birch, [3] is a species of tree in the family Betulaceae, native to Europe and parts of Asia, though in southern Europe, it is only found at higher altitudes. Its range extends into Siberia, China, and southwest Asia in the mountains of ...
Taphrina betulina is a fungal plant pathogen that causes the gall, witches broom, which is a chemical infection of birch buds or the developing shoots, leading to a proliferation of growth. [2] It was first described by Emil Rostrup in 1883 and is found in Europe, New Zealand and North America.
Euceraphis betulae, the birch aphid or silver birch aphid, is a species of aphid in the order Hemiptera.It is a tiny green insect with a soft body and wings. It is found living on the European silver birch tree (Betula pendula) where it feeds and multiplies on the buds and leaves by sucking sap.
Betula cordifolia - Heart-leaf birch or mountain paper birch; Betula pendula - Silver birch; Betula mandschurica - Manchurian birch Betula mandschurica var. japonica - Japanese birch; Betula neoalaskana - Alaska birch or Yukon birch; Betula occidentalis - Water birch or red birch (B. fontinalis)
Curly birch [1] (Betula pendula var. carelica) is a variant of the plant species silver birch (also known as warty birch, European white birch, or East Asian white birch) with a genetic defect that causes the tree to twist on the stem with curls. The annual rings are oriented incorrectly, which gives the wood a fiery appearance.
The Clay Mathematics Institute officially designated the title Millennium Problem for the seven unsolved mathematical problems, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, Hodge conjecture, Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness, P versus NP problem, Riemann hypothesis, Yang–Mills existence and mass gap, and the Poincaré conjecture at the ...
Birch triterpenes, sold under the brand name Filsuvez, is an extract of birch bark used as a topical medication for the treatment of epidermolysis bullosa. [18] [19] The active ingredients are triterpenes extracted from the outer bark of silver birch (Betula pendula) and downy birch (Betula pubescens). [20]