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Evidence shows that vegans who are not taking vitamin B 12 supplements do not consume sufficient B 12 and often have abnormally low blood concentrations of vitamin B 12. [75] This is because, unless fortified, plant foods do not contain reliable amounts of active vitamin B 12. Vegans are advised to adopt one of the following dietary options: [76]
Vitamin B 12 supplements are available as single or multivitamin tablets. Pharmaceutical preparations of vitamin B 12 may be given by intramuscular injection. [6] [62] Since there are few non-animal sources of the vitamin, vegans are advised to consume a dietary supplement or fortified foods for B 12 intake, or risk serious health consequences. [6]
Pregnant and lactating vegetarian mothers—and breastfed infants if the vegetarian mother's diet is not supplemented—should also use supplements, whether B 12-pills, B 12-injections, or B 12-fortified foods, if they don't get adequate vitamin B 12 from animal products like eggs or dairy. Eggs are a source of vitamin B 12 for vegetarians.
MyKind Organics Vegan B12 Spray. Made with methylcobalamin and oodles of organic fruit and botanicals, one spray a day tastes like raspberries while delivering 500 micrograms of vitamin B12. Plus ...
Analysis of the NDNS results by the Health and Food Supplements Information Service (HSIS) suggested that one in five UK adults are deficient in vitamin D, one in seven are deficient in calcium ...
Vegans and people reducing animal-source foods in their diets, as recommended by many scientific studies and experts, are also at greater risk of some micronutrient deficiencies if they don't adequately consume supplements or foods substituting animal-sourced micronutrients. [4] [5] [6] [7]