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A 2023 review concluded that vaping causes significant, potentially harmful effects on many cardiovascular parameters. [154] A 2024 review attributed cardiovascular effects to oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hemodynamic effects, and platelet function. [ 155 ]
The common side effects from nicotine exposure are listed in the table below. Serious adverse events due to the use of nicotine replacement therapy are extremely rare. [ 47 ] At low amounts, it has a mild analgesic effect. [ 38 ]
Common side effects depend on the formulation of nicotine. [1] Common side effects with the gum include nausea, hiccups , and irritation of the mouth. [ 1 ] Common side effects with the patch include skin irritation and a dry mouth while the inhaler commonly results in a cough, runny nose, or headaches. [ 1 ]
The LD 50 of nicotine is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice. 0.5–1.0 mg/kg can be a lethal dosage for adult humans, and 0.1 mg/kg for children. [19] [20] However the widely used human LD 50 estimate of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg was questioned in a 2013 review, in light of several documented cases of humans surviving much higher doses; the 2013 review suggests that the lower limit causing fatal ...
[15] [16] One issue is the need to separate the effects of vaping from the effects of smoking among users who both vape and smoke. [note 4] [17] E-cigarettes containing nicotine are more effective than nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation. [18] [19] Vaping is likely far less harmful than smoking, but still harmful.
Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), [4] also known as vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) [1] or e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (E/VALI), [2] [a] is an umbrella term, [15] [16] used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. [3]
Some reported side effects are local slight irritation (inhalers and sprays) and non-ischemic chest pain (rare). [ 35 ] [ 37 ] Others include mouth soreness and dyspepsia (gum), nausea or heartburn (lozenges), as well as sleep disturbances, insomnia, and a local skin reaction (patches).
The rise in vaping is of great concern because the parts encompassing in greater cognitive activities including the prefrontal cortex of the brain continues to develop into the 20s. [1] Nicotine exposure during brain development may hamper growth of neurons and brain circuits, effecting brain architecture, chemistry, and neurobehavioral activity.