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In the field of epidemiology, the causal mechanisms responsible for diseases can be understood using the causal pie model.This conceptual model was introduced by Ken Rothman to communicate how constellations of component causes can lead to a sufficient cause to lead to a condition of interest and that reflection on these sets could improve epidemiological study design.
The concept of component causes is part of the broader causal pie model proposed by epidemiologist Kenneth Rothman. [1] In this model, each disease is the result of multiple causal pies, each representing a combination of component causes. A single factor can be a component cause in multiple sufficient causes [2] for different diseases.
Researchers have applied Hill’s criteria for causality in examining the evidence in several areas of epidemiology, including connections between exposures to molds and infant pulmonary hemorrhage, [14] ultraviolet B radiation, vitamin D and cancer, [15] [16] vitamin D and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, [17] alcohol and cardiovascular ...
The natural history of a disease is sometimes said to start at the moment of exposure to causal agents. [2] Knowledge of the natural history of disease ranks alongside causal understanding in importance for disease prevention and control. Natural history of disease is one of the major elements of descriptive epidemiology. [2]
Judea Pearl defines a causal model as an ordered triple ,, , where U is a set of exogenous variables whose values are determined by factors outside the model; V is a set of endogenous variables whose values are determined by factors within the model; and E is a set of structural equations that express the value of each endogenous variable as a function of the values of the other variables in U ...
Kenneth J. Rothman (born November 2, 1945) [1] is an American epidemiologist. He is a professor of epidemiology at the Boston University School of Public Health , as well as a Distinguished Fellow at RTI International , where he is Vice President for Epidemiologic Research at RTI Health Solutions .
Ecosocial theory, first proposed by name in 1994 by Nancy Krieger of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, [1] is a broad and complex theory with the purpose of describing and explaining causal relationships in disease distribution.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans.. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after evading/overcoming defense, establishment, and replication of disease-causing microscopic organisms (pathogens) inside a host organism, and the reaction of host tissues to them and to the toxins they produce.