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Volcanology (also spelled vulcanology) is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena . The term volcanology is derived from the Latin word vulcan .
A volcanologist sampling lava using a rock hammer and a bucket of water. A volcanologist, or volcano scientist, is a geologist who focuses on understanding the formation and eruptive activity of volcanoes. [1]
Augustine Volcano (Alaska) during its eruptive phase on January 24, 2006. A volcano is commonly defined as a vent or fissure in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon. [1]
The International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) is a learned society that focuses on research in volcanology, efforts to mitigate volcanic disasters, and research into closely related disciplines, such as igneous geochemistry and petrology, geochronology, volcanogenic mineral deposits, and the physics of the generation and ascent of magmas in the ...
- Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation/AFP/Getty Images Some gases from Mount Ruang’s eruptions climbed so high they punched into the stratosphere, the second layer of Earth ...
Diagram showing a cross section through Earth at the Hawaii hotspot. Magma originating in the mantle rises into the asthenosphere and lithosphere.A chain of volcanoes is created as the lithosphere moves over the source of magma.
As such, there is a discontinuity in the definition of the VEI between indices 1 and 2. The lower border of the volume of ejecta jumps by a factor of one hundred, from 10,000 to 1,000,000 m 3 (350,000 to 35,310,000 cu ft), while the factor is ten between all higher indices.