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Code-division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies. CDMA is an example of multiple access , where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel.
cdmaOne network structure. The IS-95 standards describe an air interface, [1] a set of protocols used between mobile units and the network. IS-95 is widely described as a three-layer stack, where L1 corresponds to the physical layer, L2 refers to the Media Access Control (MAC) and Link-Access Control (LAC) sublayers, and L3 to the call-processing state machine.
Qualcomm Incorporated (/ ˈ k w ɒ l k ɒ m /) [2] is an American multinational corporation headquartered in San Diego, California, and incorporated in Delaware. [3] It creates semiconductors, software and services related to wireless technology.
3G is the third generation of cellular network technology, representing a significant advancement over 2G, particularly in terms of data transfer speeds and mobile internet capabilities. While 2G networks, including technologies such as GPRS and EDGE , supported limited data services, 3G introduced significantly higher-speed mobile internet ...
The principle of CDMA is based on spread spectrum technology developed for military use during World War II and improved during the Cold War into direct-sequence spread spectrum that was used for early CDMA cellular systems and Wi-Fi. DSSS allows multiple simultaneous phone conversations to take place on a single wideband RF channel, without ...
[citation needed] In 1957, engineers at Sylvania Electronic Systems Division adopted a similar idea, using the recently invented transistor instead of Lamarr's and Antheil's clockwork technology. [9] [dubious – discuss] In 1962, the US Navy utilized Sylvania Electronic Systems Division's work during the Cuban Missile Crisis. [12]
Rogers Wireless was the first to implement UMTS technology, with HSDPA services in eastern Canada in late 2006. [11] Realizing they would miss out on roaming revenue from the 2010 Winter Olympics , Bell and Telus formed a joint venture and rolled out a shared HSDPA network using Nokia Siemens technology.
CDMA2000 1X (IS-2000), also known as 1x and 1xRTT, is the core CDMA2000 wireless air interface standard.The designation "1x", meaning 1 times radio transmission technology, indicates the same radio frequency (RF) bandwidth as IS-95: a duplex pair of 1.25 MHz radio channels. 1xRTT almost doubles the capacity of IS-95 by adding 64 more traffic channels to the forward link, orthogonal to (in ...