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To calculate a percentage of a percentage, convert both percentages to fractions of 100, or to decimals, and multiply them. For example, 50% of 40% is: 50 / 100 × 40 / 100 = 0.50 × 0.40 = 0.20 = 20 / 100 = 20%. It is not correct to divide by 100 and use the percent sign at the same time; it would literally imply ...
In practice, it's hard to achieve a volume fraction greater than 0.7 and this must be regarded as the realistic limit for commercial materials. In the production process, using different fiber architecture methods can obtain different volume fractions. 2D aligned unidirectional fabrics with pre-preg (usually carbon) fibers are considered to ...
For example, the ratio 4:5 can be written as 1:1.25 (dividing both sides by 4) Alternatively, it can be written as 0.8:1 (dividing both sides by 5). Where the context makes the meaning clear, a ratio in this form is sometimes written without the 1 and the ratio symbol (:), though, mathematically, this makes it a factor or multiplier .
The notion of irreducible fraction generalizes to the field of fractions of any unique factorization domain: any element of such a field can be written as a fraction in which denominator and numerator are coprime, by dividing both by their greatest common divisor. [7] This applies notably to rational expressions over a field. The irreducible ...
Other common proportions are percentages % (= 0.01), ‰ (= 0.001). Some angle units such as turn , radian , and steradian are defined as ratios of quantities of the same kind. In statistics the coefficient of variation is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean and is used to measure the dispersion in the data .
A related concept is one part per ten thousand, 1 / 10,000 .The same unit is also (rarely) called a permyriad, literally meaning "for (every) myriad (ten thousand)". [4] [5] If used interchangeably with basis point, the permyriad is potentially confusing because an increase of one basis point to a 10 basis point value is generally understood to mean an increase to 11 basis points; not ...
The value 57.15% is very close to the fraction 4 ⁄ 7 ≈ 0.5714. This led to the approximation that 100-proof spirit has an ABV of 4 ⁄ 7. From this, it follows that to convert the ABV expressed as a percentage to degrees proof, it is only necessary to multiply the ABV by 7 ⁄ 4.
For example, a nominal interest rate of 6% compounded monthly is equivalent to an effective interest rate of 6.17%. 6% compounded monthly is credited as 6%/12 = 0.005 every month. After one year, the initial capital is increased by the factor (1 + 0.005) 12 ≈ 1.0617. Note that the yield increases with the frequency of compounding.