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Though the act did not specifically preclude women from citizenship, courts absorbed the common law practice of coverture into the United States legal system. [11] Under this practice, the physical body of a married woman, and thus any rights to her person or property, was controlled by her husband.
The Act also did not do away with the discrepancy in men's and women's citizenship. [11] Under its terms, an American male citizen's foreign-born wife could take advantage of a streamlined one-year process to apply for her naturalization. No such process was offered to the husbands of American women who were foreigners. [25]
In 2007, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007 was discussed in the Senate, which would have given a path to eventual citizenship to a large majority of illegal entrants in the country, significantly increased legal immigration and increased enforcement. The bill failed to pass a cloture vote, essentially killing it.
In 1922, the Cable Act was passed, declaring that an American woman could not be denied the right to naturalize because she was married. [40] It established procedures for women, who had previously lost their citizenship because of marriage, to repatriate as naturalized (not birthright) citizens.
The Naturalization Act of 1790 allows free White persons born outside of the United States to become citizens. However, since each state set its own requirements for voting, this Act (and its successor Naturalization Act of 1795) did not automatically grant these naturalized citizens the right to vote. [4] 1791
Several of the 26 countries are crafting initiatives for women's empowerment and gender equality — except when it comes to their citizenship.
[287] [288] Exclusions based on race also applied to Native American women living on reservations, until the passage in 1924 of the Indian Citizenship Act. [289] As a result, if an American woman married someone who was ineligible for naturalization, until passage of the Cable Act of 1922 and various amendments, she lost her citizenship. [290]
Since its ratification in 1868, the 14th Amendment has stood as a cornerstone of the U.S. Constitution and of life in the United States. The birthright citizenship clause of the 14th Amendment ...