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OSM Regional Structure Map. The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) is a branch of the United States Department of the Interior.It is the federal agency entrusted with the implementation and enforcement of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA), which attached a per-ton fee to all extracted coal in order to fund an interest-accruing trust to be ...
25th Anniversary of the Surface Mining Law: A report on the protection and restoration of the nation's land and water resources under the Surface Mining Law, Office of Surface Mining, 2003. Available at OSM website. Green, Edward. State and Federal Roles Under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, 21 S. Ill. U. L.J. 531 (1997)
The Coal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1969, generally referred to as the Coal Act, was more comprehensive and more stringent than any previous federal legislation governing the mining industry. [13] The Coal Act included surface as well as underground coal mines within its scope, required two annual inspections of every surface coal mine and ...
1920 Alabama coal strike, a lengthy, violent, expensive and fruitless attempt to achieve union recognition in the coal mines around Birmingham left 16 men dead; one black man was lynched. 1922 UMW General coal strike, On April 1, 1922, 610,000 mine workers struck nationwide, shutting down the majority of operations within the country.
A coal mine mantrip at Lackawanna Coal Mine in Scranton, Pennsylvania Coal miners exiting a winder cage at a mine near Richlands, Virginia in 1974 Surface coal mining in Wyoming, U.S. A coal mine in Frameries, Belgium. Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground or from a mine.
The act 23 & 24 Vict. c. 151, sometimes called the Mines Regulation Act 1860, [3] the Mines Act 1860, [4] the Inspection of Mines Act 1860, [5] the Regulation and Inspection of Mines Act 1860, [6] the Coal Mines Act 1860, [7] the Coal Mines Regulation Act 1860, [8] the Inspection and Regulation of Coal Mines Act 1860, [9] or the Inspection of Coal Mines Act, [10] is an Act of the Parliament of ...
Longwall mining is a form of underground coal mining where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice (typically 0.6–6.0 m (2 ft 0 in – 19 ft 8 in) thick). The section of rock that is being mined, known as the longwall panel, is typically 3–4 km (1.9–2.5 mi) long, but can be up to 7.5 km (4.7 mi) long and 250–400 m (820–1,310 ft) wide.
As mining progresses, this pressure can be violently released, resulting in an outburst. The statistical results show that the primary factor in coal and gas outbursts is crustal stress (P), followed by sturdiness coefficient (f). The coal seam gas content (W) affect affects coal and gas outbursts as the least important factor. [2]