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A gateway is a piece of networking hardware or software used in telecommunications networks that allows data to flow from one discrete network to another. Gateways are distinct from routers or switches in that they communicate using more than one protocol to connect multiple networks [1] [2] and can operate at any of the seven layers of the OSI model.
Images of some of the first attempts at a large scale map of the internet were produced by the Internet Mapping Project and appeared in Wired magazine. The maps produced by this project were based on the layer 3 or IP level connectivity of the Internet (see OSI model), but there are different aspects of internet structure that have also been mapped.
The Gateway MSC, as the name suggests, acts as the "entrance" from exterior portions of the Public Switched Telephone Network onto the provider's network. As noted above, the phone is free to roam anywhere in the operator's network or on the networks of roaming partners, including in other countries.
An 'Access Point Name' (APN) is the name of a gateway [2] between a mobile network (GSM, GPRS, 3G, 4G and 5G) and another computer network, frequently the public Internet. [3] Some Important APN Terms: Below are some terms of the APN settings, explaining what each setting stands for: APN: The APN address of your (mobile network operator) MNOs.
Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network or between or across multiple networks. Broadly, routing is performed in many types of networks, including circuit-switched networks, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), and computer networks, such as the Internet.
A wireless gateway routes packets from a wireless LAN to another network, wired or wireless WAN.It may be implemented as software or hardware or a combination of both. Wireless gateways combine the functions of a wireless access point, a router, and often provide firewall functions as
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High capacity (some of the largest telephone exchanges in the world are international gateway exchanges). Support for the numbering plans of each of the countries that may be dialed. Advanced traffic routing capabilities, in order to take advantage of the best available tariffs for each destination.