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Betel nut chewing, also called betel quid chewing or areca nut chewing, is a practice in which areca nuts (also called "betel nuts") are chewed together with slaked lime and betel leaves for their stimulant and narcotic effects, the primary psychoactive compound being arecoline.
Betel leaves are also used as to wrap betel quid for chewing, which also contains the toxic and mildly narcotic areca nut. [16] Habitual use of this popular product (sometimes inaccurately referred to as "betel nut") damages the oral cavity and is associated with a wide range of adverse systemic health effects, including harm to the ...
Arecoline is the primary active ingredient responsible for the central nervous system effects of the areca nut. Arecoline has been compared to nicotine; however, nicotine agonizes nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, whereas arecoline is primarily a partial agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, [4] [5] leading to its parasympathetic effects.
For example, studies have shown chewing betel nut is prevalent among taxi, bus and truck drivers, who rely on the stimulating effect of betel nut to cope with long work hours. [44] [45] [46] For these reasons, oral cancer has been identified as a leading cause of death in professions with high betel nut-chewing rates. [47]
In order to chew maak the traditional Thai way, three main ingredients are needed: betel leaf, betel nut and red limestone paste. [4] Before a betel chew, the betel nut is boiled, sliced and dried. [1] A popular method is to cut the betel nut into four smaller sections before solar drying, since betel nut can be very strong.
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Mava, also known as Maava or Mawa, (Hindi: मावा) is a form of smokeless tobacco that combines tobacco with ingredients like betel nut and lime, forming a concoction. [1] Studies indicate that it is one of the most dangerous forms of chewing tobacco. [2]
Gutka street vendor, India. Gutka, ghutka, guṭkha is a type of betel quid and chewing tobacco preparation made of crushed areca nut (also called betel nut), tobacco, catechu, paraffin wax, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) and sweet or savory flavourings, in India, Pakistan, other Asian countries, and North America.