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In metalworking, forming is the fashioning of metal parts and objects through mechanical deformation; the workpiece is reshaped without adding or removing material, and its mass remains unchanged. [1] Forming operates on the materials science principle of plastic deformation, where the physical shape of a material is permanently deformed.
Metal bars and tubes are also often drawn. Extrusion may be continuous (theoretically producing indefinitely long material) or semi-continuous (producing many pieces). It can be done with hot or cold material. Commonly extruded materials include metals, polymers, ceramics, concrete, modelling clay, and foodstuffs.
Metalworking generally is divided into three categories: forming, cutting, and joining. Most metal cutting is done by high speed steel tools or carbide tools. [7] Each of these categories contains various processes. Prior to most operations, the metal must be marked out and/or measured, depending on the desired finished product.
The foreground shows the mandrel for the base. Behind the finished vase are the spinning tools used to shape the metal. Metal spinning, also known as spin forming or spinning or metal turning most commonly, is a metalworking process by which a disc or tube of metal is rotated at high speed and formed into an axially symmetric part. [1]
Metal fabrication is the creation of metal structures by cutting, bending and assembling processes. It is a value-added [ 1 ] process involving the creation of machines, parts, and structures from various raw materials.
Formability is the ability of a given metal workpiece to undergo plastic deformation without being damaged. The plastic deformation capacity of metallic materials, however, is limited to a certain extent, at which point, the material could experience tearing or fracture (breakage).
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In metalworking, rolling is a metal forming process in which metal stock is passed through one or more pairs of rolls to reduce the thickness, to make the thickness uniform, and/or to impart a desired mechanical property. The concept is similar to the rolling of dough. Rolling is classified according to the temperature of the metal rolled.