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Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, [1] [2] is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydroxide anions OH −. Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes lipids and proteins at ambient temperatures and may cause severe ...
Pellets of soda lye (sodium hydroxide) Pellets of potash lye (potassium hydroxide)Lye is a hydroxide, either sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.The word lye most accurately refers to sodium hydroxide (NaOH), [citation needed] but historically has been conflated to include other alkali materials, most notably potassium hydroxide (KOH).
Caustic most commonly refers to: Causticity, the property of being able to corrode organic tissue. Sodium hydroxide, sometimes called caustic soda; Potassium hydroxide, sometimes called caustic potash; Calcium oxide, sometimes called caustic lime; Caustic may also refer to: Caustic (band), an American industrial/powernoise band
The main types of irritant and/or corrosive products are: acids, bases, oxidizers / reducing agents, solvents, and alkylants. Additionally, chemical burns can be caused by biological toxins (such as anthrax toxin) and by some types of cytotoxic chemical weapons, e.g., vesicants such as mustard gas and Lewisite, or urticants such as phosgene oxime.
The corrosive properties of potassium hydroxide make it a useful ingredient in agents and preparations that clean and disinfect surfaces and materials that can themselves resist corrosion by KOH. [17] KOH is also used for semiconductor chip fabrication (for example anisotropic wet etching).
The NaOH (caustic soda) and elevated temperature cause Fe 3 O 4 (black oxide) to form on the surface of the metal instead of Fe 2 O 3 (red oxide; rust). While it is physically denser than red oxide, the fresh black oxide is porous, so oil is then applied as post treatment to the heated part, which seals it by "sinking" into it.
Caustic soda is limited to smaller combustion units because it is more expensive than lime, but it has the advantage that it forms a solution rather than a slurry. This makes it easier to operate. It produces a " spent caustic " solution of sodium sulfite /bisulfite (depending on the pH), or sodium sulfate that must be disposed of.
The most important sodium compounds are table salt (NaCl), soda ash (Na 2 CO 3), baking soda (NaHCO 3), caustic soda (NaOH), sodium nitrate (NaNO 3), di- and tri-sodium phosphates, sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O), and borax (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O). [24] In compounds, sodium is usually ionically bonded to water and anions and is ...