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Lie detection is an assessment of a verbal statement with the goal to reveal a possible intentional deceit. Lie detection may refer to a cognitive process of detecting deception by evaluating message content as well as non-verbal cues. [1]
As "Prospects of fMRI as a Lie Detector" [9] states, fMRIs use electromagnets to create pulse sequences in the cells of the brain. The fMRI scanner then detects the different pulses and fields that are used to distinguish tissue structures and the distinction between layers of the brain, matter type, and the ability to see growths.
Truth-default theory (TDT) is a communication theory which predicts and explains the use of veracity and deception detection in humans. It was developed upon the discovery of the veracity effect - whereby the proportion of truths versus lies presented in a judgement study on deception will drive accuracy rates.
Pre-dementia or early-stage dementia (stages 1, 2, and 3). In this initial phase, a person can still live independently and may not exhibit obvious memory loss or have any difficulty completing ...
The 4 'A's Test (4AT) is a bedside medical scale used to help determine if a person has positive signs for delirium. [1] [2] The 4AT also includes cognitive test items, making it suitable also for use as a rapid test for cognitive impairment.
The Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) Exam is a brief screening assessment used to detect cognitive impairment. [1] It was developed in 2006 at the Saint Louis University School of Medicine Division of Geriatric Medicine, in affiliation with a Veterans' Affairs medical center. [2]
In community samples, cutoff scores for likely dementia have ranged from 3.3 and above to 3.6 and above, while in patient samples the cutoff scores have ranged from 3.4 and above to 4.0 and above. [3] To improve the detection of dementia, the IQCODE can be used in combination with the Mini-Mental State Examination.
People with dementia are more likely to have problems with incontinence; they are three times more likely to have urinary and four times more likely to have fecal incontinence compared to people of similar ages. [62] [63] This can have a profound impact on the dignity and quality of life of people with dementia and their caregivers. [62] [64]