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Dandruff is a symptom of seborrheic dermatitis, “an inflammatory skin condition that can cause itching, burning, scaling, and flakes and scales on the scalp,” she explains.
A project in 2007 has sequenced the genome of dandruff-causing Malassezia globosa and found it to have 4,285 genes. [5] [6] M. globosa uses eight different types of lipase, along with three phospholipases, to break down the oils on the scalp. Any of these 11 proteins would be a suitable target for dandruff medications.
Dandruff with shed hair can be symptomatic of dry skin (shed skin scales and hairs on a dark wooden tabletop) The cause is unclear but believed to involve a number of genetic and environmental factors. [7] As the skin layers continually replace themselves, cells are pushed outward where they die and flake off. For most individuals, these flakes ...
[1] [34] [35] It is slightly more common in men, but affected women tend to have more severe symptoms. [35] The condition usually recurs throughout a person's lifetime. [36] Seborrhoeic dermatitis can occur in any age group [36] but often occurs during the first three months of life then again at puberty and peaks in incidence at around 40 ...
Dandruff is a common scalp condition characterized by dead skin cells that shed from the scalp. Experts share their favorite formulas for fighting flakes and irritation.
These investigations show that the M. globosa is the species that causes most skin disease in humans, and that it is the most common cause of dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis (though M. restricta is also involved). [6] There can be as many as ten million M. globosa organisms on a human head. [4]
In newborns, it causes a thick, yellow, crusty scalp rash called cradle cap, which seems related to lack of biotin and is often curable. (ICD-10 L21; L21.0) There is a connection between seborrheic dermatitis and Malassezia fungus, and antifungals such as anti-dandruff shampoo can be helpful in treating it. [44]
The fungal species responsible for causing tinea capitis vary according to the geographical region, and may also change over time. For example, Microsporum audouinii was the predominant etiological agent in North America and Europe until the 1950s, but now Trichophyton tonsurans is more common in the US, and becoming more common in Europe and ...