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In mathematics, a vector bundle is a topological construction that makes precise the idea of a family of vector spaces parameterized by another space (for example could be a topological space, a manifold, or an algebraic variety): to every point of the space we associate (or "attach") a vector space () in such a way that these vector spaces fit ...
As an example, for each topological space there is the category of vector bundles on the space, and for every continuous map from a topological space X to another topological space Y is associated the pullback functor taking bundles on Y to bundles on X. Fibred categories formalise the system consisting of these categories and inverse image ...
One example of a principal bundle is the frame bundle. If for each two points b 1 and b 2 in the base, the corresponding fibers p −1 (b 1) and p −1 (b 2) are vector spaces of the same dimension, then the bundle is a vector bundle if the appropriate conditions of local triviality are satisfied. The tangent bundle is an example of a vector ...
A section of a tangent vector bundle is a vector field. A vector bundle E {\displaystyle E} over a base M {\displaystyle M} with section s {\displaystyle s} . In the mathematical field of topology , a section (or cross section ) [ 1 ] of a fiber bundle E {\displaystyle E} is a continuous right inverse of the projection function π ...
A simple example of a smooth fiber bundle is a Cartesian product of two manifolds. Consider the bundle B 1 := (M × N, pr 1) with bundle projection pr 1 : M × N → M : (x, y) → x. Applying the definition in the paragraph above to find the vertical bundle, we consider first a point (m,n) in M × N. Then the image of this point under pr 1 is
The dual bundle of a vector bundle : is the vector bundle : whose fibers are the dual spaces to the fibers of . Equivalently, E ∗ {\displaystyle E^{*}} can be defined as the Hom bundle H o m ( E , R × X ) , {\displaystyle \mathrm {Hom} (E,\mathbb {R} \times X),} that is, the vector bundle of morphisms from E {\displaystyle E} to the trivial ...
In mathematics, a metric connection is a connection in a vector bundle E equipped with a bundle metric; that is, a metric for which the inner product of any two vectors will remain the same when those vectors are parallel transported along any curve. [1] This is equivalent to: A connection for which the covariant derivatives of the metric on E ...
In mathematics, and especially differential geometry and mathematical physics, gauge theory is the general study of connections on vector bundles, principal bundles, and fibre bundles. Gauge theory in mathematics should not be confused with the closely related concept of a gauge theory in physics , which is a field theory that admits gauge ...