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The selection and use of essential medicines: report of the WHO Expert Committee, 2017 (including the 20th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and the 6th Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2017. hdl: 10665/259481. ISBN 978-92-4-121015-7. ISSN 0512-3054. WHO technical report series; no. 1006.
A medical specialty is a branch of medical practice that is focused on a defined group of patients, diseases, skills, or philosophy.Examples include those branches of medicine that deal exclusively with children (), cancer (), laboratory medicine (), or primary care (family medicine).
De materia medica (Latin name for the Greek work Περὶ ὕλης ἰατρικῆς, Peri hulēs iatrikēs, both meaning "On Medical Material") is a pharmacopoeia of medicinal plants and the medicines that can be obtained from them.
Access to needed essential medicines is an international human right, also named the "right to health", as stated by the United Nations and the WHO.[10]: 209 [11] [12] In 2001, the World Health Assembly passed the resolution No. 54.11 that called for exploring the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing systems to ensure medicines affordability and availability.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine (OEM), previously called industrial medicine, [1] [a] is a board certified medical specialty under the American Board of Preventative Medicine that specializes in the prevention and treatment of work-related illnesses and injuries.
Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines (medicamentos isentos de prescrição or MIPs in Portuguese): cough, cold and fever medicines, antiseptics, vitamins and others. Sold freely in pharmacies. Red stripe medicines: sold only with medical prescription. Anti-allergenics, anti-inflammatories, and other medicines.
In Brazil, the first emergency medicine residency program was created at Hospital Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre in 1996. In 2002, the emergency medical services were standardized nationally with the creation of SAMU (Serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência), inspired by French EMS, which also provides training to its employees.
However, each medicine is composed of exactly the same ingredients under the ministry's standardization methodology. The medicines are therefore prepared under strict manufacturing conditions that rival pharmaceutical companies. Extensive modern scientific research in Japan has validated the effectiveness of kampo medicines.