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Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. [3] Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. [3] When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, short of breath, or having decreased ability to exercise. [1]
Cooley noted similarities in symptoms of children in his care having Greek or Italian ancestry; he named it "erythroblastic anemia," but it became popularly known as Cooley's anemia (now termed beta thalassemia major). [117] The term "thalassemia" was coined by George Whipple in 1932. The word "thalassemia" comes from the Greek word thalassa ...
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia may be suspected based on routine medical laboratory tests such as a CBC (complete blood cell count). Automated analysers (the machines that perform routine full blood counts in most hospitals) are designed to flag blood specimens that contain abnormal amounts of red blood cell fragments or schistocytes .
Aplastic anemia [2] (AA) [3] is a severe hematologic condition in which the body fails to make blood cells in sufficient numbers. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow by stem cells that reside there. [4] Aplastic anemia causes a deficiency of all blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. [5] [6]
Latent iron deficiency (LID), also called iron-deficient erythropoiesis, [1] is a medical condition in which there is evidence of iron deficiency without anemia (normal hemoglobin level). [2] It is important to assess this condition because individuals with latent iron deficiency may develop iron-deficiency anemia.
Microcytic anaemia; Microcytosis is the presence of red cells that are smaller than normal. Normal adult red cell has a diameter of 7.2 µm. Microcytes are common seen in with hypochromia in iron-deficiency anaemia, thalassaemia trait, congenital sideroblastic anaemia and sometimes in anaemia of chronic diseases.
The diagnosis of hemolytic anemia can be suspected on the basis of a constellation of symptoms and is largely based on the presence of anemia, an increased proportion of immature red cells (reticulocytes) and a decrease in the level of haptoglobin, a protein that binds free hemoglobin.
A diagnosis of vitamin B 12 deficiency is determined by blood levels lower than 200 or 250 picograms per ml (148 or 185 picomoles per liter). Measurement of blood methylmalonic acid (MMA), a vitamin B 12-associated metabolite, is a commonly used biomarker. [2] Deficiency is often suspected first, as diagnosis usually requires several tests.