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Zhao Tuo (Chinese: 趙佗; pinyin: Zhào Tuó; Wade–Giles: Chao 4 T‘o 2), rendered as Triệu Đà in Vietnamese, was a Qin dynasty Chinese general and first emperor of Nanyue. He participated in the conquest of the Baiyue peoples of Guangdong , Guangxi and Northern Vietnam .
The founder of the dynasty, Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà), was a Chinese general [1] [2] from Hebei and originally served as a military governor under the Qin dynasty. [3] He asserted the state's independence in 207 BC as the Qin dynasty was collapsing. [4] The ruling elite included both native Yue and immigrant Han peoples. [5]
Nanyue (Chinese: 南越 [1] or 南粵 [2]; pinyin: Nányuè; Jyutping: Naam4 Jyut6; lit. 'Southern Yue', Vietnamese: Nam Việt, Zhuang: Namz Yied), [3] was an ancient kingdom founded in 204 BC by the Chinese general Zhao Tuo, whose family (known in Vietnamese as the Triệu dynasty) continued to rule until 111 BC.
During the collapse of the Qin dynasty, Zhao Tuo established himself as the King of Nanyue in southern China. [1] [2] Zhao was originally a Qin military officer from Zhending in northern China. [2] The Han frontier in the south was not threatened and there was no indication that Zhao Tuo would encroach on Han territory. [1]
The Triệu dynasty, established by Zhao Tuo from the Chinese Qin dynasty, [4] [5] was considered an orthodox local regime by traditional Vietnamese historiography. However, modern Vietnamese historians generally regard the Triệu dynasty to be a foreign regime that ruled Vietnam. [6]
Inlaid iron spear with sheath, from the tomb of Zhao Mo. Upon Zhao Mo's accession in 137 BC, the neighboring king of Minyue, Zou Ying sent his army to attack Nanyue. Zhao sent for help from the Han dynasty, his nominal vassal overlord. The Han responded by sending troops against Minyue, but before they could get there, Zou Ying was killed by ...
In 208 BC, the Qin Chinese renegade general Zhao Tuo had reached Cổ Loa Citadel, capital of the state of Âu Lạc. [34] There, he defeated An Dương Vương and established the Nanyue kingdom during the same year. [35] [36] [37] Following Zhao's capture of Au Lac, Zhao partitioned it into two prefectures Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen.
When the Qin dynasty fell, general Zhao Tuo conquered the commanderies of Xiang and Guilin and proclaimed himself "Martial King of Nanyue" (南越武王; Nányuè Wǔ wáng) and in 196 BCE he was recognized "King of Nanyue" (南越王; Nányuè wáng) after Liu Bang became emperor and founded the Han dynasty.