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Objectives and key results (OKR, alternatively OKRs) is a goal-setting framework used by individuals, teams, and organizations to define measurable goals and track their outcomes. The development of OKR is generally attributed to Andrew Grove who introduced the approach to Intel in the 1970s [ 1 ] and documented the framework in his 1983 book ...
S.M.A.R.T. (or SMART) is an acronym used as a mnemonic device to establish criteria for effective goal-setting and objective development. This framework is commonly applied in various fields, including project management, employee performance management, and personal development.
An early example of a routine clinical outcomes system was set up by Florence Nightingale in the Crimean War. The outcome under study was death. The context was the season and the cause of death– wounds, infections and any other cause. The interventions were nursing and administrative.
Outcome measurement is a matter of representing the circumstances defined as the outcome by means of observable indicators that vary systematically with changes or differences in those circumstances. [8] Outcome measurement is a systematic way to assess the extent to which a program has achieved its intended outcomes. [18]
There are efforts to define core sets of patient-relevant outcome variables to be measured in clinical trials in general [28] and for multi-modal pain therapy. [29] Meanwhile, a core outcome measure set based on PROMS was developed with routine data and validated for operationalizing success in multimodal pain therapy. [30]
Outcome measures can be divided into clinical endpoints which are directly relevant to the target and surrogate endpoints (also called "proxy measures"), which are indirectly related. [1] Death from cardiovascular disease is an example of a clinical endpoint, whereas measurements of blood pressure , which is not normally associated with any ...
Output captures the outcome or results of an activity or group of activities. Activity indicates the transformation produced by an activity (i.e., some form of work). Mechanism enables an activity to work (a performer), either human or system. Control is an object that controls the activity's production through compliance.
Goodhart's law is an adage often stated as, "When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure". [1] It is named after British economist Charles Goodhart, who is credited with expressing the core idea of the adage in a 1975 article on monetary policy in the United Kingdom: [2]