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Persephone and Dionysos. Roman copy after a Greek original of the 4th–3rd century B.C. Marble. Hermitage.. In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Persephone (/ p ər ˈ s ɛ f ə n iː / pər-SEF-ə-nee; Greek: Περσεφόνη, romanized: Persephónē, classical pronunciation: [per.se.pʰó.nɛː]), also called Kore (/ ˈ k ɔːr iː / KOR-ee; Greek: Κόρη, romanized: Kórē, lit.
Proserpina (/ p r oʊ ˈ s ɜːr p ɪ n ə / proh-SUR-pih-nə; [1] Latin: [proːˈsɛrpɪna]) or Proserpine (/ ˈ p r ɒ s ər p aɪ n / PROSS-ər-pyne [1]) is an ancient Roman goddess whose iconography, functions and myths are virtually identical to those of Greek Persephone.
The ancient myth of the Rape of Persephone is depicted in high relief on the sarcophagus. Persephone is carried away to the underworld by Pluto, the god of the underworld, with the help of Athena and Eros, on a quadriga led by the divine messenger Hermes. The hellhound Cerberus is found at Hermes' feet near the death god Tartarus.
According to the retelling of the story found in the poem Metamorphoses by the Roman poet Ovid (43 BC – AD 17/18), Adonis was the son of Myrrha, who was cursed by Aphrodite with insatiable lust for her own father, King Cinyras of Cyprus, [23] [24] [25] after Myrrha's mother bragged that her daughter was more beautiful than the goddess.
The choice of incident to depict the story is commonly cited as well: Pluto's hands encircle the waist of Proserpina just as she throws her arms out in an attempt to escape. [4] Bernini's own son and biographer, Domenico, called it "an amazing contrast of tenderness and cruelty". [36]
In some versions of the story, the shepherd Aristaeus saw her and, beguiled by her beauty, made advances towards her and began to chase her. Other versions of the story relate that Eurydice was merely dancing with the Nymphs. Whether fleeing or dancing, she was bitten by a snake and died instantly.
The Rape of Persephone, or Abduction of Persephone, is a classical mythological subject in Western art, depicting the abduction of Persephone by Hades.In this context, the word Rape refers to the traditional translation of the Latin raptus ('seized' or 'carried off') which refers to bride kidnapping rather than the potential ensuing sexual violence.
[3] [4] One of the most notable Homeric Hymns, the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, tells the story of Persephone's abduction by Hades and Demeter's search for her. When Hades, the King of the Underworld, wished to make Persephone his wife, he abducted her from a field while she was picking flowers, with Zeus' leave.