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Video random-access memory (VRAM) is dedicated computer memory used to store the pixels and other graphics data as a framebuffer to be rendered on a computer monitor. [1] It often uses a different technology than other computer memory, in order to be read quickly for display on a screen.
Sun TGX Framebuffer. A framebuffer (frame buffer, or sometimes framestore) is a portion of random-access memory (RAM) [1] containing a bitmap that drives a video display. It is a memory buffer containing data representing all the pixels in a complete video frame. [2]
Much the way the system BIOS provides a set of functions that are used by software programs to access the system hardware, the video BIOS provides a set of video-related functions that are used by programs to access the video hardware as well as storing vendor-specific settings such as card name, clock frequencies, VRAM types & voltages.
The size of an SRAM with m address lines and n data lines is 2 m words, or 2 m × n bits. The most common word size is 8 bits, meaning that a single byte can be read or written to each of 2 m different words within the SRAM chip.
Video memory was shared with the first 128 KiB of RAM. The exact size of the video memory could be reconfigured by software to meet the needs of the current program. An early hybrid system was the Commodore Amiga which could run as a shared memory system, but would load executable code preferentially into non-shared "fast RAM" if it was available.
INT 10h, INT 10H or INT 16 is shorthand for BIOS interrupt call 10 hex, the 17th interrupt vector in an x86-based computer system.The BIOS typically sets up a real mode interrupt handler at this vector that provides video services.
A GART is used as a means of data exchange between the main memory and video memory through which buffers (i.e. paging/swapping) of textures, polygon meshes and other data are loaded, but can also be used to expand the amount of video memory available for systems with only integrated or shared graphics (i.e. no discrete or inbuilt graphics ...
Each screen character is represented by two bytes aligned as a 16-bit word accessible by the CPU in a single operation. The lower (or character) byte is the actual code point for the current character set, and the higher (or attribute) byte is a bit field used to select various video attributes such as color, blinking, character set, and so forth. [6]