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Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch (/ k ɒ x / KOKH; [1] [2] German: [ˈʁoːbɛʁt ˈkɔx] ⓘ; 11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist.As the discoverer of the specific causative agents of deadly infectious diseases including tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax, he is regarded as one of the main founders of modern bacteriology.
In 1882, Koch reported identification of the tubercle bacillus as the cause of tuberculosis, [16] cementing germ theory. Koch took his research into a new direction— applied research —to develop a tuberculosis treatment and use the profits to found his own research institute, autonomous from government. [ 17 ]
Koch's postulates (/ k ɒ x / KOKH) [2] are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a microbe and a disease. The postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884, based on earlier concepts described by Jakob Henle, and the statements were refined and published by Koch in 1890. [3]
From these conclusions about plants and animals, two of the three tenets of cell theory were postulated. 1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the most basic unit of life. Schleiden's theory of free cell formation through crystallization was refuted in the 1850s by Robert Remak, Rudolf Virchow, and Albert ...
Thus, Pasteur refuted the theory of spontaneous generation and supported the germ theory of disease. [17] Robert Koch showed that microorganisms caused disease. In 1876, Robert Koch (1843–1910) established that microorganisms can cause disease.
His contributions to the field include vast quantities of information about the variety, structure, and behavior of animals Bacteriology: Robert Koch (1843–1910) Ferdinand Cohn (1828–1898) [8] Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) First to produce precise, correct descriptions of bacteria. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) [9] Biogeography
1876 – Demonstration that microbes can cause disease-anthrax (Robert Koch) 1877 – Mast cells (Paul Ehrlich) 1878 – Confirmation and popularization of the germ theory of disease (Louis Pasteur) 1880 – 81 Theory that bacterial virulence could be attenuated by culture in vitro and used as vaccines.
In 1910, Robert Koch died of a heart attack and was placed inside a mausoleum within the Robert Koch Institute. This building houses 1,500 items related to Robert Koch including various writings and scientific materials such as prepared microscope slides. [63] The institute is still an active research and public health facility.