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According to Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition, this text's central mantra, known as the Hare Krishna, or Mahā ("Great"), Mantra, was given in the 16th century to Chaitanya Mahaprabhu at his initiation in Gaya (though the Sanskrit mantra is absent from his biographies). [3] This mantra, presented in two lines, contains the words Hare, Rama, and Krishna.
This mantra is composed of three Sanskrit names – "Krishna", "Rama", and "Hare". [2] [3] [4] Since the 1960s, the mantra has been widely known outside India through A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and his movement, International Society for Krishna Consciousness (commonly known as the Hare Krishnas or the Hare Krishna movement). [5]
Etymologically the term Kali refers to one who governs time or is black. The first major appearance of Kali in the Sanskrit literature was in the sixth-century CE text Devi Mahatmya. [5] Kali appears in many stories, with the most popular one being when she manifests as personification of goddess Durga's rage to defeat the demon Raktabija.
Bhadrakali (IAST: Bhadrakālī; lit. ' auspicious Kali ' [2]) is an important Hindu goddess, a form of Kali.She is considered to be the auspicious and fortunate form of Adi Shakti or Durga, the supreme mother who protects the good, known as Bhadra or Bhadra Bhagavathy.
Kali yantra The yantra of Matangi, the tantric Saraswati. A yantra comprises geometric shapes, images, and written mantra. Triangles and hexagrams are common, as are circles and lotuses of 4 to 1,000 petals. Saiva and Shakti yantras often feature the prongs of a trishula. [11] Mantra Yantras frequently include mantras written in Sanskrit.
The meaning of the first line of the Mantra can be translate in English as "O God! May a Brahmin teacher who is endowed with the light of knowledge arise in our nation." The translation of the second line of the Mantra is "May there arise brave, skilled archers, great warriors, rulers and soldiers Kshatriyas in our nation."
There is a colloquial saying that "Shiva without Shakti is Shava" which means that without the power of action (Shakti) that is Mahakali (represented as the short "i" in Devanagari) Shiva (or consciousness itself) is inactive; Shava means corpse in Sanskrit and the play on words is that all Sanskrit consonants are assumed to be followed by a ...
The text starts off with the legends of Devi trying to bring Shiva back from ascetic life into that of a householder's by making him fall in love again. [1] According to Ludo Rocher, Markandeya describes how Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu are "one and the same" and that all goddesses (Sati, Parvati, Menaka, Kali and others) are manifestation of the same feminine energy.